Essay on Group Culture

Article on Group Culture Article on Group Culture Ashley Newton CS 204: Professional Presence Unit 7 Assignment October 13, 2014 Gathering Culture The Pennsylvania Institute of Certified Public Accountants (PICPA), is the second most seasoned and fifth-biggest CPA association in the United States. Association with the PICPA speaks to duty to the CPA calling. Being an individual from the PICPA safeguards proficient and individual help. The association assists with refining your abilities, grow information, interface with similar people, and accomplish greater and better things at each phase of your expert life. PICPA individuals access the most exceptional courses and specialized assets, limits on assets, chances to interface with a large number of different experts, and more to propel their professions and improve the nature of administration to their organizations and customers. With more than 22,000 individuals, the PICPA is one of Pennsylvania’s chief expert associations for CPAs. The PICPA experience has been depicted as engaging, empowering, fun, and important. Individuals from the PICPA remember people for open bookkeeping, industry, government, and training. They are accomplices, presidents, CEOs, administrators, supervisors, and business experts. The hierarchical structure of the PICPA is made out of a board, establishment of training and research, advisory groups, sections, and PICPA staff. Participation of the PICPA is made out of eleven geological sections over the express, each drove by a part president and record of officials. Morals is at the center of the CPA calling and is one reason CPAs are respected among the most confided in business experts. As a necessary part of the CPA proceeding with proficient instruction system in Pennsylvania, yet in addition since CPAs have an exacting code of expert morals and lead. Issues with respect to morals are frequently routinely in the news. CPAs are frequently a piece of these conversations. Alliance with the PICPA speaks to adherence to the Code of Professional Conduct. The PICPA follows the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) Code of Professional Conduct. These comprise of the standards and rules just as translations and other direction. A PICPA Professional Ethics Committee is answerable for examining grievances against individuals and keep up the PICPA Code of Professional Conduct. As a major aspect of the PICPA participation, they offer assistance and assets for future CPAs. Upon graduation, competitors must meet two prerequisites to sit for the CPA Exam: get a bachelor’s certificate or higher from a certify school or college and finished at any rate 24 semester credits in bookkeeping subjects endorsed by the State Board of Accountancy. A pre-assessment will distinguish scholastic inadequacies in your instruction preceding presenting a first time application for the CPA Examination. For data on the test content, the AICPA has a downloadable report accessible. Competitors who have graduated with 150 credits are required to finish one year of work understanding through work in government, industry, the scholarly world, or open practice inside five years of the date you apply for your permit. All experience must be of a gauge acceptable to the State Board of Accountancy and confirmed by a person who is presently authorized to rehearse as a CPA in Pennsylvania. As a feature of the PICPA site, a PICPA Career Center page was set up. This connection contains work postings, business openings, and an entry level position catalog. Individuals have selective access to specific areas and can post open situations at an extraordinary rate. Non-individuals may post promotions without a markdown. A profession bank connect is likewise accessible to scan for bookkeeping employments outside of Pennsylvania. The PICPA Foundation for Education and Research gives an expansive range of excellent projects picked to upgrade proficient skill and address convenient points. On location preparing openings are accessible to any part. They offer accommodation and

Stages of Personality Development

Acquaintance Personality alludes with the attributes of a person that sets him/her separated from others when exposed to fluctuating conditions. The advancement of character is because of the cooperation between an individual’s hereditary sythesis and the encompassing. Character advancement starts even before birth and is impacted by numerous outer factors.Advertising We will compose a custom research project test on Stages of Personality Development explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Many hypotheses have been created to clarify the idea of character improvement. This conversation investigates the phases of character advancement created by Sigmund Freud and Erik Erikson. The psychoanalytic hypothesis was created by Sigmund Freud and managed the passionate improvement from a sexual point of view. This hypothesis was later altered by Erik Erikson who concentrated on the job of social collaborations in character improvement. Sigmund Freud’s Psychosexual Theory According to Sigmund Freud’s hypothesis, a creating youngster has a specific â€Å"erogenous zones† like the rear-end, mouth and privates that are touchy at each stage. Along these lines, a kid centers around what animates his â€Å"erogenous zones† at each stage. The requirements of a kid at each stage should be met, else he/she will wind up stalling out in that stage and this will influence him in adulthood. Freud concocted five phases of advancement which incorporate the oral, butt-centric, phallic, dormancy, and genital stages (Engler, 2008). The oral stage starts when a kid is conceived. This stage goes on for around one and half years. At this stage, the mouth is the central matter of center for the kid and the youngster invests a large portion of the energy sucking and attempting to place everything in the mouth. At this stage, the self image and superego are not yet completely created and, consequently, the youngster utilizes the id. With time, t he infant understands that fulfillment of its needs probably won't happen quickly and, accordingly, he/she should act with a specific goal in mind so as to speed it up. For example, a child cries when he/she needs the should be fulfilled. At the point when an infant is weaned, he/she encounters a feeling of misfortune and the infant understands that he/she should not generally get what he/she needs. A kid whose requests are not met at this stage builds up a character of mockery, jealousy, cynicism, and doubt. To an extreme or too minimal oral fulfillment has a negative effect. An individual who stalls out in this stage may create propensities like gnawing nails and biting things like pens as a grown-up. Somebody who doesn't get enough oral fulfillment at this stage may likewise create propensities for eating and drinking too much. Be that as it may, a youngster whose necessities are met at this stage winds up being idealistic and appreciates the general condition (Engler, 2008). The butt-centric stage starts when the kid is around one and half years; when he/she begins getting prepared on the best way to utilize the can. At this stage, the child’s center is around removing body squanders. A youngster may pick either to oust or hold the waste. The manner by which the guardians handle this contention decides its resolution.Advertising Looking for research paper on brain science? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This emergency gets settled when the kid figures out how to change in accordance with the requests of the guardians and the guardians handle the youngster sensibly. Accordingly, with time the kid will comprehend the significance of being precise and clean, and will, in this manner, wind up being a grown-up with poise. In the event that the guardians are extremely unforgiving when preparing the kid to utilize the can, the youngster may decide to consent and build up a character of deliberatenes s. In any case, a kid who will not follow the requests of the guardians winds up being scattered in future. A youngster who appreciates discharging unreliably will wind up being thoughtless, crazy, muddled, insubordinate, and disrupted. Then again, a kid who appreciates drawing out the maintenance of body squanders winds up being deliberate, stingy, obstinate, exact, and perfect. This stage goes on for around two years (Larsen and Buss, 2009). Next is the phallic stage wherein the child’s consideration is on the genital zone. The youngsters become mindful of the distinctions in their bodies and that of other offspring of the other gender. At this stage the youngster is fixated on the parent of the other gender and wants to dispose of the other one. A male kid will want to have the mother yet considers his to be as an obstacle. He begins getting desirous of the dad who he sees as his adversary in the opposition for the mother’s love. In any case, the kid is anxious abou t the possibility that that the dad may mutilate him. At the point when the kid understands that he can't have the mother, he attempts to resemble his dad with the goal that he can win her. Accordingly, he attempts to get the attributes of his dad. Therefore, he learns his male sexual job, and this denotes the goals of the emergency. Then again, the female youngster understands that she doesn't have a penis and starts aching to have one. She reprimands her mom for her absence of a penis and creates â€Å"penis envy†. She feels that she can't claim the mother since she doesn't have a penis. At the point when she understands that she can't get the mother, she gets pulled in to the dad. The young lady learns her sexual job by attempting to become like the mother in order to have the dad. In this way, the contention is settled. Inability to determine this contention may prompt ladies having extremely low confidence, a longing to demonstrate that they are better than men or creati ng propensities for playing with men. For the men, inability to defeat this stage prompts them having high goals and egotism. Inability to determine the contentions in this stage and relate to the parent of a similar sex prompts carelessness, pride, dread of close love, and conditions like homosexuality (Larsen and Buss, 2009). The following stage is the dormancy time frame in which the child’s sexual wants stay latent. At this stage, youngsters center around different exercises like games, tutoring, and making companionships of a similar sex. This stage happens not long before pubescence. Inability to conquer the contentions in the phallic stage may influence a person in this stage and forestall him/her from taking part in the normal exercises (Larsen and Buss, 2009).Advertising We will compose a custom research paper test on Stages of Personality Development explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The following stage is the genital stage. At this stage, a chi ld’s consideration moves back to the private parts and he/she begins making kinships with individuals from the other gender. At this stage, people attempt to disconnect themselves from guardians and manage the contentions that were not settled in the prior stages. A youngster who settled all the contentions in the phallic stage will have sound and appropriate associations with the individuals from the other gender. In any case, a kid who didn't defeat the contentions at that stage will cut off up having pained associations with the other gender (Larsen and Buss, 2009). Sigmund Freud’s hypothesis has a few shortcomings. Initially, character can't be grown distinctly based on sexuality. Erik Erikson likewise doesn't concur on the idea of putting together character advancement with respect to sexual drive alone. Also, the phases of improvement are not bolstered by any logical information however on contextual investigations. In opposition to Freud’s hypothesis that an individual can't have the conscience and superego since the beginning, considers show that these substances are apparent in youngsters sooner than at the ages he recommended (Ewen, 1998). Erik Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory Erikson likewise accepts that character advancement happens in stages. Be that as it may, he doesn't concur with Sigmund Freud’s hypothesis of psychosexual stages. He accepts that character improvement happens because of social collaboration with nature. Through cooperation with the earth, people build up a sense of self. At each phase of advancement, an individual is worried about getting capable. On the off chance that one figures out how to experience a phase effectively, their self image will be helped and they will build up a feeling of fitness. In any case, inability to deal with the stage appropriately will bring about a sentiment of inadequacy. At each stage, an individual experiences a contention that can either assemble or pulverize the ir character (Engler, 2008). The primary phase of character advancement is that of trust or doubt and happens since a kid is brought into the world up to when he/she achieves the age of one year. At this stage the kid is powerless and relies altogether upon others to deal with him/her. The newborn child will create sentiments of either trust or question contingent upon the consideration that he/she gets from the guardians. On the off chance that the individuals dealing with the kid can productively deal with the youngster, he/she will create trust and will consistently have a sense of safety and safe. Be that as it may, if the guardians of the youngster show dismissal and disregard to the kid, he/she will create doubt and will have sentiments of frailty. This kid may create sadness as a kid and this may go on even in adulthood (Larsen and Buss, 2009).Advertising Searching for research project on brain research? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More The following stage is the point at which the kids create as sense to control the elements of the body and a feeling of self-sufficiency. This happens between the ages of one and three. Kids start to settle on decisions between food, garments and toys. During this stage, a youngster can either build up a character of self-rule or that of uncertainty or disgrace. A kid who practices self-sufficiency is continually investigating the general condition and attempting to make new disclosures on his/her own. A kid who creates sentiments of uncertainty or disgrace is less sure and is less keen on investigating new environmental factors.

Updates about the Spring 2014 Transfer Process - UGA Undergraduate Admissions

Updates about the Spring 2014 Transfer Process - UGA Undergraduate Admissions Updates about the Spring 2014 Transfer Process We are now a little over two weeks past the application deadline for Transfer students and have already made decisions on over half of the Spring applications. We received approximately 1600 applications and have made decisions on almost 900 of those so far. With about 500 applications waiting to be reviewed, our estimation is that everyone with a completed application will hear a decision by the end of September. We have a small number of incomplete applications that are not able to be reviewed. If we are missing an application fee or transcripts, including updated transcripts, then you are incomplete. Be sure to check your myStatus to see if we have everything we need for you. Please remember we cannot predict when you will have an admissions decision. This depends on many factors including when your application was completed. If you have been admitted, remember there is no commitment deposit for Transfer students. Registration for Spring Orientation will begin in early to mid October. In the meantime, visit the Orientation site for a to-do list of things you can start working on now. Go Dawgs!

The Lead Cup Myth

Some time ago, a popular email hoax spread misinformation about the use of lead cups in the Middle Ages and The Bad Old Days.   Lead cups were used to drink ale or whisky. The combination would sometimes knock them out for a couple of days. Someone walking along the road would take them for dead and prepare them for burial. They were laid out on the kitchen table for a couple of days and the family would gather around and eat and drink and wait and see if they would wake up - hence the custom of holding a wake. The Facts Lead poisoning is a slow, cumulative process and not a fast-acting toxin. Furthermore, pure lead was not used to make drinking vessels. By the 1500s pewter had, at most, 30 percent lead in its makeup.1  Horn, ceramic, gold, silver, glass and even wood were all used to make cups, goblets, jugs, flagons, tankards, bowls and other items to hold liquid. In less formal situations, people would forgo individual cups and drink straight from the jug, which was usually ceramic. Those who overindulged in liquor--to the point of unconsciousness--generally recovered within a day. The consumption of alcohol was a popular pastime, and coroners records are filled with reports of accidents--both minor and fatal--that occurred to the inebriated. Although it was difficult for people in the 16th century to define death, proof of life could typically be determined by whether or not the person was breathing. It was never necessary to lay out hung-over carousers on the kitchen table and wait to see if they woke up--especially since poorer folk often had neither kitchens nor permanent tables. The custom of holding a wake goes back much further than the 1500s. In Britain,  wakes  appear to have origins in Celtic custom, and was a watch over the recently-deceased that may have been intended to protect his body from evil spirits. The Anglo-Saxons called it a lich-wake from the Old English lic, a corpse. When Christianity came to England, prayer was added to the vigil.2 Over time, the event took on a social character, where family and friends of the deceased would gather to bid them farewell and enjoy food and drink in the process. The Church tried to discourage this,3 but the celebration of life in the face of death is not something humans easily relinquish. Notes: 1. pewter   Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica  Accessed April 4, 2002]. 2. wake  Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica[Accessed April 13, 2002]. 3. Hanawalt, Barbara, The Ties that Bound: Peasant Families in Medieval England (Oxford University Press, 1986), p. 240. The text of this document is copyright  ©2002-2015 Melissa Snell. You may download or print this document for personal or school use, as long as the URL below is included. Permission is not granted to reproduce this document on another website.

Essay on Human Behaviour and Social Norms - 1593 Words

Running head: HUMAN BEHAVIOUR AND SOCIAL NORMS Do social norms influence human behaviour? Human behaviour is the response to given stimuli, which are socially and environmentally affected. This response is something that can easily be influenced and shaped through many personal, situational, social, biological, mental factors. In this essay the case of social norms influencing human behaviour will be analyzed using previous studies. Social norms are part of a larger influential scale generally named as social influence. Social influence is the exercise of power that an individual or a group can use on other individuals or society in order to alter their attitudes, behaviours and lead them to a desired†¦show more content†¦Group size is important because as Asch (1955) found, the larger the group, the bigger the phenomenon of conformity due to social norms. Group cohesiveness makes the group to have greater bonds due to similarity and ability to easily show empathy to each other (Christensen et al., 2004) and social support is noticed to groups with higher levels of cohesiveness and bonding. On the other hand, there are personal factors affecting the type of conformity such as self-awareness (ability to understand own self), self-presentation (try to present ideal self in order to conform), personal control (desire to feel that one has control, as a human right, over particular situations) and gender (gender differences- women are more likely to conform) (Franzoi, 2009). Based on all the previously referred material, conformity is totally driven by social norms, norms that are not written but sometimes are more powerful than law; the way that a person conforms to society affects the level and type of his compliance to society’s requests. For example, if a person has as personal characteristic not to like altering his self-image/ presentation based on society’s preferences due to his intense belief in independence, it is possible that this person will comply more difficult because of external motivation instead of internal. On the other hand, this means that if a person has an internal compliance only to smile to people who knows and not toShow MoreRelated Social Norms1709 Words   |  7 PagesDeviance is a title that insinuates the violation of social norms in society. This can be described as adjacent to criminal and improper behaviour imposed by the people who break the social norms of a society. Thus, becoming subjective to a label of deviant. Deviants often have punishment bestowed upon them by authoritive figures such as the enforcers of law. There are many universal types of deviance throughout societys over the world such as alcoholism, addiction, mental illness and homosexualityRead MoreNo Behaviour Is ‘Really’ Altruistic. Based on Theory and Research in Social Psychology, Critically Discuss This Contention.1260 Words   |  6 Pageshelping behaviour, and refers to an act that is motivated by the desire to benefit another rather than oneself (Batson Coke, 1981; Berkowitz, 1970, cited in Hogg Vaughan, 2005). The main issue with determining whether a helping act is truly altruistic is one of motivation; if we cannot determine whether an act stems from a desire to benefit others or some kind of ulterior motive, altruism is difficult to demonstrate (Rushton Sorrentino, 1981, cited in Hogg Vaughan, 2005). This essay will firstlyRead MoreEssay on Altruism1083 Words   |  5 PagesWhy do we show altruism? Social and evolutionary biologists, psychologists, economists and philosophers alike have made many attempts at providing an explanation for altruism. As a result, many opposing theories have developed over the years. In this essay, I will attempt to explain altruism as the presence of an altruistic gene which is selected for by natural selection in terms of kin selection. I will explore evidence supporting this theory, as well as evidence pointing to psychological explanationsRead MorePsychological Perspectives On Studying Juvenile Delinquency And Disorder Behavior1642 Words   |  7 PagesThis essay will compare and contrast some psychological and sociological approaches to studying juvenile delinquency and disorder behaviour. The question is what makes people behave disorderly. Youth disorderly behaviours are studied using different approaches including psychological and sociological approaches. Both psychological and sociological approaches to studying juvenile d elinquency are necessary. This essay starts with outlining and defining disorderly behaviour and juvenile delinquencyRead MoreSocial Control And Social Influence1728 Words   |  7 PagesSocial control is â€Å"the attempt of society to regulate the thinking and behaviour of people† (Macionis, 2004, p. 260). It is further understood as any action that ‘‘defines and responds to deviant behaviour’’ (Black, 1976). It is a term used to describe the methods or ways used to regulate individuals or groups of people behave or act to accept and conform to society through rules, laws and norms (Black, 1976). The concept of social control can be simply understood as perceived pressure that a personRead MoreThe Psychological Influences On Health And Wellbeing Of Exercise1521 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Throughout this essay, I will be discussing the psychological influences and the social factors related to health and wellbeing of exercise. The Health Belief Model of behaviour has rival influences that are balanced and decided upon the individual themselves (Ajzen 1985, 1991 ; Ajzen and Madden 1986). Therefore an individual’s perception about their weight and the stress that comes with it shows that they are unhealthy and this can prevent them to be motivated and exercise daily. ThereRead MoreDetemination of Behavior Essay738 Words   |  3 Pages This essay aims to look into the evidence regarding the above statement and to come to a conclusion whether culture really does determine our behaviour. Before we can fully understand the statement we must understand what some of the terms mean. Culture There is no one definition of the word culture. It has many meanings and values. It does not just mean the arts but it also means all learned behaviour. Sociologists define cultureRead MoreExplain the Importance of Socialisation as a Process Within Society.1012 Words   |  5 PagesExplain the importance of socialisation as a process within society. In this essay, i will examine the importance of socialisation as a process with in society. Socialisation is the process a human being will go through to make them who they are. They will learn about different types of cultures, norms and fashions, all of these they will take on throughout their life. Nature vs nurture has a great role in this, and, personally, I believe that nurture makes the largest amount of impact. SocialisationRead MoreCultural Studies: What is Subjectivity? Essays1126 Words   |  5 Pagesbecause people’s surroundings and influences change which leads to there opinions to change also. Richard Schechner states that performances are made of â€Å"twice-behaved behaviours† which means restored behaviours that become so natural to people that it is like a routine for them. Erving Goffman came up with the restored behaviours theory. Goffman defines performance as â€Å"all the activity of an individual which occurs during a period marked by his continuous presence before a particular set of observersRead MoreSociology Functionalism and Symbolic Interaction1494 Words   |  6 Pagessimilarities and differences of Functionalism and Symbolic Interaction. Sociologists analyse social phenomena at different levels and from different perspectives. From concrete interpretations to sweeping generalizations of society and social behaviour, sociologists study everything from specific events, the micro level of analysis of small social patterns, to the big picture, the macro level of analysis of large social patterns. Sociologists today employ three primary theoretical perspectives: the symbolic

The Crucible Diary Free Essays

I cannot believe that John Proctor! Why has he chosen his sniveling wife over me? I am more of a woman than Goody Proctor. Goody Proctor does possess of the qualities needed of a good wife. She is naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ve, simple, and talented. We will write a custom essay sample on The Crucible Diary or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, I possess the qualities of a lover. I am intelligent, able, and adventurous. To be blatantly honest, I think any man would be lucky to call me his wife. Diary, why am I good enough for any man, but I am not good enough for the man I desire? I know why. It is because I want a married man. Diary, do you agree that John should leave Goody Proctor and marry me? Do you think I am better than she is? I believe I would be a much better wife. Think about it, if Goody Proctor were good to John would he have come to me? I do not believe so. To me, it is the duty of a wife to keep her husband satisfied and in line. However, if John had not strayed from his wife, John would have never sought me. If John had never sought me, I would have never felt love. John may have sought me, but he is still married to Goody Proctor. She is keeping me from my John. Because of that, I loathe her. There is not a single thing in the world that she can do that I cannot. She can cook, clean, and pray. I can do all that, and even more! I am willing to do anything to be with my John. All I want is to be with him. Diary, do you have any ideas to cause the end of the Proctor marriage? I believe I do. I will receive vengeance on Goody Proctor. I will claim that Goody Proctor is a witch! It is a brilliant idea. When Salem village hears of this, the village people will believe it and order her hanging. It is genius! I would be overcome with joy to see the body of Goody Proctor hanging. At last, I would be with my beloved John! Oh Diary, I know it is a terrible to wish death upon someone, but in this case, Goody Proctor’s death is necessary in order for John and me to be together. Diary, I need to be with John. He loves me and I love him. I know we are destined to be with one another. Diary, I thank you for listening to me. You have always been a faithful friend. Besides John, no one seems to want to listen to me, Oh, how I miss my John! Oh no, I fear Uncle has arrived home. I must go. He will be expecting me. I promise I will write again soon. Love, Abbey How to cite The Crucible Diary, Papers

World Trade Center Movie Summary Essay Example For Students

World Trade Center Movie Summary Essay World Trade Center was released on August 9, 2006 by Paramount Pictures. It is academy award winning, full color film detailing the events and survival of Port Authority Police Sergeant John McLoughlin and Officer William Jimeno after the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center. The film follows the officers and their families throughout the day of the attack. The roles of McLoughlin and Jimeno are excellently played by Nicholas Cage and Michael Pena respectively. Jay Hernandez, Maria Bello and Maggie Gyllenhaal all have smaller yet supporting roles as Officer Dominick Pezzulo, Donna McLoughlin and Allison Jimeno. Sergeant John McLoughlin, William J. Jimeno and Dominick Pezzulo were officers assigned to New York Citys Port Authority on September 11th, 2001 when they received the emergency call. The officers get on a city bus and head towards the towers. McLoughlin, Jimeno and Pezzulo were among the policemen who attempted to evacuate the World Trade Center towers after they were struck by planes piloted by terrorists. All three men fled to an elevator shaft inside the fifth building concourse of the World Trade Center when the towers began to fall. McLoughlin is trapped much lower than Jimeno and Pezzulo. We will write a custom essay on World Trade Center Movie Summary specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Jimeno is pinned with heavy concrete on his chest, while Pezzulo only received a few scratches. The rubble moves a second time when tower one collapses and Pezzulo is trapped between concrete. He tells Jimeno to remember he died trying to save their lives and he eventually succumbs to his injuries while McLoughlin and Jimeno struggled to stay alive as rescuers search through the rubble. They talk about their families and reminisce of happy times in their lives. They pray and focus on their wives and children. Eventually they are found by two marine reservists and a civilian . Meanwhile, their wives desperately hope that their husbands survived and would come home. They have flashbacks of their husbands with their kids and good times in their marriages. As the families waited for word on the survival of their loved ones, they watched as the United States banned together. After Tower one collapses the movie shows Pezzulo right next to Jimeno. Jimeno continues to talk to his partner even though his death is imminent. Pezzulo is bleeding out of his mouth and struggling to stay alive and he tells Jimeno to remember he died trying to save their lives. In real life, Pezzulo spends his last minutes with McLoughlin. Trapped next to him some 10 feet lower than Jimeno, Pezzulo tells the sergeant â€Å"Remember, I tried to get you guys out† (Leung, 2004). McLoughlin later goes on to report, â€Å"At a time he (Pezzulo) had to make a decision –either climb out and get help, or stay and get us out. And he chose to stay there and try to get us out† (Leung, 2004). The movie does not show any sign of rescuers for these men until Marines Jason Thomas and Dave Karnes hear them while searching in the night. Jimeno later reported to US Today â€Å"Then, a voice came from above. A man yelled into the hole. He gave the last name of a man he was searching for and wanted to know whether he was down there. No, Jimeno yelled. Were down here. PAPD (for Port Authority Police Department). McLoughlin and Jimeno. Then the man walked away. Dont leave us! Jimeno cried. But the man vanished (â€Å"USATODAY. com – Miracles Emerge from Debris,† n. d. ). Jimeno and McLoughlin continue to wait in hopes of more rescuers. The movie’s account of times was accurate. At 8:47 a. m. , American Airlines Flight 11 crashed into the World Trade Centers North Tower, and at 9:03 a. . , United Airlines Flight 175 crashed into the South Tower. Flight 175 exploded upon impact and it only took the South Tower 56 minutes to collapse at 9:59am. The North Tower collapsed almost thirty minutes later at 10:28am. â€Å"Thousands of people are buried in the wreckage of the buildings, which were brought down by suicide hijackers at the controls of the two fuel laden Boeing 767 airliners† (Reuters, 2002, p. 1). Based on facts found on the internet and in books, it appears the movie has the correct times of each significant event that happened that day. .u5f2223d091e2129156567b0a1b46e8ce , .u5f2223d091e2129156567b0a1b46e8ce .postImageUrl , .u5f2223d091e2129156567b0a1b46e8ce .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5f2223d091e2129156567b0a1b46e8ce , .u5f2223d091e2129156567b0a1b46e8ce:hover , .u5f2223d091e2129156567b0a1b46e8ce:visited , .u5f2223d091e2129156567b0a1b46e8ce:active { border:0!important; } .u5f2223d091e2129156567b0a1b46e8ce .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5f2223d091e2129156567b0a1b46e8ce { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5f2223d091e2129156567b0a1b46e8ce:active , .u5f2223d091e2129156567b0a1b46e8ce:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5f2223d091e2129156567b0a1b46e8ce .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5f2223d091e2129156567b0a1b46e8ce .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5f2223d091e2129156567b0a1b46e8ce .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5f2223d091e2129156567b0a1b46e8ce .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5f2223d091e2129156567b0a1b46e8ce:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5f2223d091e2129156567b0a1b46e8ce .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5f2223d091e2129156567b0a1b46e8ce .u5f2223d091e2129156567b0a1b46e8ce-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5f2223d091e2129156567b0a1b46e8ce:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Flowers of War Movie Review EssayI have read different accounts as to who Pezzulo was speaking to during his last moments of life. The movie shows him with Jimeno but the USA today reports he was with McLoughlin. The movie also portrayed Karnes as a religious man who worked with Sergeant Jason Thomas, a white reservist. It was not until five years later that the real Jason Thomas stepped forward. He was a young black man who had been out of the marines when the attack happened. He instantly knew his assistance was in need â€Å"Someone needed help. It didn’t matter who, he said. I didn’t even have a plan. But I have all this training as a marine, and all I could think was, my city is in need† (Hoft, 2006). The planes that hit the World Trade Center were not the only ones that crashed. Nineteen terrorists hijacked four planes, two hit the Twin Towers, one hit the Pentagon and a third crashed in a Pennsylvania field. They were all part of the Al Qaeda, a terrorist group led by Osama bin Laden. â€Å"He hoped to harm Americans and the American way of life† (Greene, 2007, p. 23). It was not until 2004 that bin Laden agreed to his involvement and as told on Wikipedia â€Å"Al-Qaeda and bin Laden cited U. S. upport of Israel, the presence of U. S. troops in Saudi Arabia, and sanctions against Iraq as motives for the attacks† (â€Å"September 11 attacks – Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia,† n. d). The attack of the World Trade Centers, the Pentagon and flight 93 are all a personal experience, even though one might not have been at any of these locations. It is impossible to forget where you were or what you were doing when it happened. The images of the flames engulfing the tower, smoke filling New York City streets, and of survivors running for their lives would overwhelm each of us for months to come. It is one of the most memorable moments in our nations history. While some say it should never be put on screen, Stone did a fantastic job showing everyone, what went on that day for two Port Authority police officers who barely knew each other and their families struggle to await information. This movie is highly recommended for anyone who can handle some of the raw footage and death scenes. An age limit cannot be put on this film; it is strictly up to each individual if they are suited to view it. Bibliography: Greene, J. (2007). The 2001 World Trade Center Attack. New York, NY: Bearport. Hoft, H. (2006, September 11). Marine Hero from World Trade Center Sgt. Thomas Steps Forward. Retrieved from http://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2006/09/marine-hero-from-world-trade-center-sgt-thomas-steps-forward/ Leung, R. (2004, November 23). LAST MAN OUT. Retrieved from http://www.cbsnews.com/news/last-man-out/ Reuters. (2002). September 11 a testimony. NewYork, NY: Pearson Education. September 11 attacks Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. (n.d.). Retrieved September 8, 2014, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_11_attacks USATODAY.com Miracles emerge from debris. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/sept11/2002-09-05-miracles-usat_x.htm

Word Choice Each vs. Every - Writing Tips with Proofed

Word Choice Each vs. Every - Writing Tips with Proofed Word Choice: Each vs. Every â€Å"Each† and â€Å"every† are both determiners. They also both refer to something as singular. They are even interchangeable in some cases! As such, it’s not surprising that people mix them up sometimes. However, these terms also have slightly different uses, so you need to be careful to avoid errors. Each vs. Every (Groups of Three or More Things) Both of these terms can be used to refer to a group of people or things. For example: We were told to read each book on the list. We were told to read every book on the list. In this case, both sentences imply reading all of the books on the list. The only difference is that â€Å"each† makes us think of reading the books one by one, while â€Å"every† makes us think of them collectively. But this only works when the group comprises three or more things. And the difference between these terms becomes obvious if we apply them to a group of two things. Each vs. Every (Two Things) If you are referring to two people or things, the word you will need is â€Å"each†: He had an apple in each hand. âÅ"“ He had an apple in every hand. âÅ"â€" The first sentence here implies that someone is holding two apples. The second sentence, by comparison, suggests that we’re dealing with some kind of many-handed octopus man. Or possibly a Hindu deity. Every vs. All Since it is used for larger groups, â€Å"every† is like the word â€Å"all† in that both terms refer to a group of three or more things collectively. However, â€Å"every† is only ever used with singular countable nouns, while â€Å"all† is used with plural nouns or uncountable nouns: Every alpaca deserves a hug. All alpacas deserve a hug. If we compare the sentences above, we can see the differences: â€Å"every† is used with a singular noun and a singular verb; â€Å"all† is used with a plural noun and plural verb. So while thinking of â€Å"every† as a synonym for â€Å"all† can be helpful, you still need to combine it with singular terms. Hug me! Each and Every? Finally, a quick note on the phrase â€Å"each and every.† Some people combine these terms as a form of emphasis when referring to larger groups. This is fine, but it is technically a redundant expression. You should not therefore use â€Å"each and every† in formal writing (e.g., a college paper).

4 Logical Fallacies

4 Logical Fallacies 4 Logical Fallacies 4 Logical Fallacies By Guest Author Anyone who tries to argue a point is obligated to support assertions with well-reasoned evidence in the form of facts, statistics, illustrations and to support that assertion with reasonableness and logic. There are, however, several very common pitfalls- generally labeled fallacies in reasoning or logical fallacies- waiting for the unwary: 1. Argumentum ad hominem: essentially, an argument or attack on a person rather than the person’s idea. For example, a nationally-televised political commentator, who happened to get his start in show business as a comedian, spoke out against the â€Å"Don’t ask, don’t tell† policy, which is a way of circumventing the prohibition against homosexuals serving in the military but keeping that policy in force. One of the proponents of the policy said, â€Å"What could he possibly know about this? He’s a comedian!† Instead of focusing on whether the policy itself is good or bad, the speaker launched an attack on the person whose views he didn’t like, which set up a false target and ignored the real issue of disagreement. 2. Non sequitur: literally, â€Å"it does not follow.† During a campaign speech, one candidate said to the audience, â€Å"If we can land men on the moon, we can find a cure for cancer.† Landing men on the moon, of course, was a triumph of technology, skill, intellect and collective will, but the success of that endeavor has no logical connection to the effort it might take to conquer a disease as complicated and multi form as cancer. In other words, the ability to cure cancer does not follow logically from the ability to land men on the moon. 3. Post hoc: propter hoc- Latin for â€Å"after this, therefore because of it.† A simple explanation of this fallacy in logic might go like this: â€Å"I came down with a cold this morning. Last night, I went to a concert. I must have caught the cold at the concert.† The essential problem is that there is no logical causal connection between going to the concert and catching a cold. 4. Begging the question: offering as evidence something that needs to be proved is begging the question. Arguing that the car industry in the US is the best in the world, for example, a speaker might say, â€Å"Everyone knows that America makes the best cars in the world.† Although this statement might be true, it is not self-evidently true, and to be more than an assertion, such as statement would need to be supported with reasonable evidence. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the General category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Among vs. AmongstStarting a Business Letter with Dear Mr.

College inc Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

College inc - Essay Example Which is not a bad mindset to be subliminally feeding the viewers at all. The commercials for these schools do not sell an education, they sell idealism. They sell a lifestyle, They sell a promise to give you an education that will set you on the road to financial stability. In other words, the ads feed on the vulnerability of the American population that is looking for a way to have a better life or a better job. The people who tend to be enticed by these ads are those who have been rejected by regular educational institutions either for lack of qualifications or a full roster of students. If I were in charge of a for profit school that is worth around $60 million like Chancellor University, I would allocate 50 percent of the profits to raising the standard of education by hiring the best possible professors that money can buy in a contractual basis. That is because tenure is something that is severely over rated. Teachers should not be paid more on the basis of their tenure at a college, rather they should be paid for the quality of their ability to teach. If they dont pass muster, then get rid of them. But that can only be done if the professor does not hold tenure at the college. Federal grants help the students at the for profit colleges get a jump start on their education by allowing the students access to taxpayer dollars that was meant to help them give back to the society later on in their professional lives. Since the FSA takes care of 90% of the fees, the student practically has a free ride through college. The for profit colleges benefit from the system because they are sure to be paid for their tuition fees and other charges regardless of the actual capacity of the student to pay for their education. Uncle Sam actually takes care of that for them. The problem is that some for profit colleges such as DeVry University offer programs that are not accredited by the correct institutions and therefore

Working and non-working students Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Working and non-working students - Essay Example The academic grades of students depend on the time spent on study sessions. Working students spend a considerable part of working. Thus, they have minimal time for class sessions and individual study (Berkel, 2010). Consequently, their grades suffer substantial deterioration, leading to lower grades. By contrast, the non-working counterparts dedicate the most time to study. Therefore, they are likely to register higher grades. Nonetheless, academics performance depends on the manner by which employment coincides with apathy in academics. Non-working students and working students both spend time in participation in co-curricular activities. The degree of participation, however, depends on the commitment of students. Thus, students who work are likely to engage in fewer co-curricular activities compared to their counterparts (Berkel, 2010). Socializing and entertainment depend on the relevant context. Working students spend minimal periods in socializing with non-working students, especially those who reside in college hostels (Berkel, 2010). However, they can associate with work mates on regular basis and event accord time for entertainment during weekends. The learning environment, by contrast, offers opportunities for students to mingle and participate in entertainment. In conclusion, working and working students portray diverse academic performance, co-curricular participation levels, and entertainment/socializing levels. Regardless of their variances, both sets of students make up the modern learning

The Strategy To Raise Standards In British Prisons

The Strategy To Raise Standards In British Prisons Political and Academic interest in the privatization of British Prisons has steadily risen since its sudden revival during the 1980s and 1990s. This interest has been precipitated by a rapid rise in the prison population and the directly related escalation of running costs and difficulties of running a consistently efficient service. Privatization was seen by many policy-makers as providing an important step forward towards improving conditions, bringing about change and innovation, and improving the overall quality of the British prison system. The private sector was believed to be capable of delivering a better standard of service with greater efficiency and a higher degree of accountability. Subsequently, the last decade has seen a steady growth of private sector involvement in the British prison system. This essay will examine the argument that privatization offers an important strategy to raise standards within Britains prisons and consider any problems associated with this appr oach. The privatisation of corrections is now understood to mean some form of the ownership or management of prisons by private corporations. The role of the private sector in contemporary corrections is, however, much broader than this narrow definition. Savas (1987) points out that the private sector is involved in corrections in five distinct ways. It may: (1) finance and construct prisons; (2) operate facilities for juveniles; (3) operate facilities for adults; (4) provide work for prisoners, and (5) provide specific contractual services, such as health care and vocational education for inmates and staff. The recent move towards the privatization of British prisons has been largely based on the substantial increase of the prison population. Between 1993 and 1996 the UK prison population increased from 43,000 to 54,000, a rate of about 100 per 100,000 of the entire population. This rapid rise has led to widespread overcrowding and a decrease in standards, making living conditions for many prisoners highly unpleasant. Prisoners overall health has deteriorated and suicide and self-mutilation rates have climbed rapidly. Added to this, staff morale has also fallen and widespread scepticism of the value and objective of prisoner programmes has grown. It has been clear for some time that widespread changes and new strategies are needed in order to tackle the problems within the prison system. The main priorities for improving the system have included; increasing prison capacity, introducing working practices that are more accommodating and flexible for prison and probation staff and the need for greater accountability from those responsible for running prison services. The claim that all this could be achieved at substantially reduced costs simply by encouraging greater private sector involvement in the delivery of penal policy has been increasingly seen by some as a quick fix solution to many of the penal systems most pressing problems (Cavadino Dignan, 2002: 227) It is important to now look at how it is proposed that privatizing Britains prisons will lead to such improvements in standards. Supporters of the privatization of Britains prisons argue that there are a number of potential benefits directly associated with the commercial competition that privatization would produce. For example, through the creation of a market force private organisations would be encouraged to maintain and indeed improve upon high standards of cost effectiveness and efficiency in order to achieve the successful renewal of current government contracts and to compete for new service contracts. Logan Rausch (1985) suggest that due to the way they are financed public sector organisations are inefficient and ineffective. As the private sector is motivated by competition and profit it is dedicated to providing maximum satisfaction to its clients and customers at a minimum cost. Alternatively, in the public sector; bureaucrats are rewarded not according to the performanc e of their organization but according to the size and budget of their agencies, thus they are more interested in empire building than in increasing their efficiency. Beyens Snacken also examine this point, arguing that; Proponents claim that privatization is the best way to decrease costs and construct new, better designed prisons more quickly. By introducing the element of competition and new management techniques, better quality for less money can be achieved. It is stated that private correctional services can operate more efficiently, because of less bureaucratic red tape and a higher motivation to control costs. Privatization, many claim leads to heightened accountability within the prison system. It is argued that the government is in an ideal position to impose strict guidelines and include detailed service standards within contracts, making companies readily accountable and putting them at risk of financial penalties for failure to fulfil them. As the government no longer have to defend its own shortcomings it can be more active in challenging private companies for failing to meet contractual obligations. Most private contractors accept and appreciate the value of full time independent monitors who are present within private prisons acting as an additional guarantee of contract compliance. Public sector prisons do not have similar fully independent monitors. Also, healthy competition between private sector rivals would also have a regulatory effect as agencies are inclined to monitor each others performance for weaknesses and failings in order to gain a commercial advantage. It is clear that the primary rationale for passing the management of prisons into private hands is that they are expected to operate at lower running costs than those controlled by the Home Office. If success is to be measured on effective cost-cutting and meeting required standards of service, supporters of privatization are convinced that a sustained push in this direction will produce positive results. It has been estimated that the running costs of private prisons are 15-25 per cent below those of state prisons (Tilt, 1995). A prison review in 1997, stated that privately run prisons on average, offered an operational cost saving of 8-15 per cent. A Parliamentary Select Committee in 1996-97 looked at the management of offenders in the public and private sectors. It reported that an expansion of the private sector would lead to an increase in efficiency in the public sector. It concluded that private prisons were operating well in terms of quality of performance, and that their ove rall performance was as good as, and in some cases better than, publicly administered prisons. However, critics argue that recent improvements in the efficiency of public sector prisons have led to a continuous narrowing in the operating cost saving offered by privately operated prisons so that by 1998 the differential had been reduced to 2-11 per cent (Woodbridge, 1999). Those against privatization also argue that any reduced running costs comes at a high price; to the detriment of the number of staff employed, staff wages, conditions of employment and working conditions (Joyce, 2001:221). For example, it has been reported that contracted-out prisons, often favouring high technology security measures, have on average 16 per cent fewer staff per prisoner than public sector prisons. Also pay and conditions for staff at private sector prisons are often poor in comparison with the public sector. Salaries are 14 per cent lower and members of staff deliver on average 10 per cent more working hours per week. These factors may account to some degree for the high levels of staff turno ver at private prisons, reported to be approximately 30 per cent. The usefulness of privatization and indeed its principles have been widely criticised and numerous problems that it potentially produces have been identified. Firstly, many critics focus the emphasis on the traditional notion of privatization a concept already partially discredited in the western world because of its association with inflated profiteering and the abandonment of the public interest (Harding, 1997: 1). It is heavily argued that the running of Britains prisons for profit has very negative consequences. This serious criticism of privatization is that the profit motive is entirely incompatible with successful prison administration. In order to make profit, private organisations are dependent on receiving a continually high supply of inmates into their institutions. There are numerous examples of how this may affect the treatment of offenders and prisoners. Early release times for prisoners may potentially be discouraged or ignored when prison numbers are relatively low. Also, government and other leading political policy-makers may be inclined to put pressure on legislators to create directives and pass acts that are both decisively custody based and increasingly punitive. Another factor that must be taken into account due to the reliance of private contractors on prisoner numbers for profit is the issue of overcrowding. One of the key ideas promoting privatization is the improvement of standards and living conditions for prisoners, private prisons may develop a tendency towards increasing prisoner numbers in order to raise profits leading to overcrowding and its inherent problems This argument clearly reveals how the underlying commercial motivation of private organisations can have serious repercussions for the manner in which private prisons are run, posing serious and seemingly unanswerable questions to those who absolutely support privatization. Another major concern with privatization is that there will be an increased emphasis on security, to the detriment of attempts to reform or rehabilitate prisoners. The contract between the Home Office and a private company does not require the contractor to help inmates lead good and useful lives (Joyce, 2001: 221). Most criminologists agree that the rehabilitation and education of prisoners is a crucial function of the penal system. It is hard to disagree with both Durham (1989) and Shichor (1995) who maintain that the changing penal trend away from rehabilitation and training towards containment, incapacitation and deterrence has hastened the acceptance of privatization as a viable policy option. From a financial perspective, more prisons means more outlay. Prisons are expensive capital items with high running costs. Thus, there is considerable attraction in any policy designed to reduce those costs. In addition, the incapacitation or protection of the public function is an easier administrative task to hand over to private companies and their employees than the treatment and training of offenders (Genders, 2002). By failing to provide any rehabilitation and training to offenders, private prisons become institutions with the sole function of punishing prisoners through incapacitation for profit. Another potentially serious pitfall of widespread privatization is that the government may become reliant on the services of a handful of powerful companies; this could result in the government to some extent being held to ransom and thus be forced to pay higher prices in order to continually increase the profits of the private sector organisations. This potential problem is magnified where private prison operators are contracted to take over the entire running of an institution, including initially building it, owning it and managing it, as is now to be the case for all future tendered contracts in England and Wales. A key question that remains unanswered is whether, in remaining paymaster but delegating service delivery, the state truly does retain control over standards whether in fact there still is present that degree of public accountability and control that must always be requisite when the state exercises its ultimate power of restraint and punishment over the citizen ( Hard ing, 1997: 2)? A final criticism of privatization is based on the limited indicators of how private prisons have performed up to now. Despite the previously discussed increased emphasis on a security focused approach within private prisons, it seems that there are serious control issues within them. Virtually all privately-managed prisons have experienced serious control problems, at least during the initial period after opening. In most cases the problems appear to have been more severe, and more intractable, than would normally be expected in the case of a comparably newly-commissioned public sector prison (Cavadino Dignan, 2002: 247) In conclusion, the involvement of the private sector in Britains prison system has so far been limited to the delivery of particular services; the government has retained responsibility for producing and implementing changes in policy and for monitoring the performance and standards of private prisons. Proponents of privatization claim that it has and can continue to improve standards of service and efficiency, whilst also cutting running costs. As Tabarrok (2003: 10) argues We now know that private prisons can be built more quickly, operated at lower cost, and maintained at a quality level at least as high as government-run prisons. However, many writers dispute such claims and believe that a continued government policy towards privatization as a method of improving the British prison service is deeply flawed and may become a barrier to developing a programme of fundamental change aimed at improving the standards of the whole of the prison system. Privatization as an ideology and as a practice is not only unlikely to provide a remedy for the malaise affecting the prison system; it could easily become a major part of the problem (Cavadino Dignan, 2002: 255). Despite serious criticisms; the future of private prisons is not clear. We do not know whether it will become a viable alternative to government run prisons or remain a small segment of the correctional system as it is today, or if it will be only a temporary phenomenon (Schihor, 1995: 18). Overall, whether private sector involvement in running Britains prisons increases or decreases in the long-term remains to be seen. It is clear, however, that the debate surrounding the subject will continue to flourish at least until clear indicators of the performance of private prisons are revealed. Evidence, so far, provides few answers. As Liebling Sparks, (2002: 283) conclude; Some former doubters and critics have been converted. Some predicted disasters have not transpired; and many privately managed institution s appear on available indicators to have operated at least as well (or put another way no worse than) their directly managed counterparts. References Beyens, K. Snacken, S. (1996) Prison Privatization: An International Perspective in Matthews, R. Francis, P. (eds.) (1996) Prisons 2000: An International Perspective on the Current State and Future of Imprisonment, Basingstoke: MacMillan Press Ltd. Cavadino, M. Dignan, J. (2002) The Penal System: An Introduction (3rd edition), London: Sage Publications Ltd. Genders, E. (2002) Legitimacy, Accountability and Private Prisons in Punishment and Society: The International Journal of Penology (2002) Vol. 4 (3): 285-303. Harding, R. W. (1997) Private Prisons and Public Accountability, New Jersey: Transaction Publishers. James, A. L. et al. (1997) Privatizing Prisons: Rhetoric and Reality, London: Sage Publications Ltd. Joyce, P. (2001) Crime and the Criminal Justice System, Liverpool: Liverpool University Press. Liebling, A. and Sparks, R. (2002) Editors Preface, in Punishment and Society: The International Journal of Penology (2002) Vol. 4 (3): 283-284. Lilly, R. J. Knepper, P. (1992) An International Perspective on the Privatisation of Corrections, in The Howard Journal (1992) Vol. 31 (3): 174-191. Schihor, D. (1995) Punishment for Profit: Private Prisons/Public Concerns, London: Sage Publications. Tabarrok, T. (ed) (2003) Changing the Guard: Private Prisons and the Control of Crime, California: The Independent Institute.

Explaining the role of effective communication Essay

There are wide ranges of ways that communication can take place for example one to one conversations, group conversations. This can either be informal or formal depending on the individual’s outcome. An example of effective communication that can take place in a health and social care setting is a hospital, for example a nurse and her colleague are talking about how much they enjoy their jobs, and this is a form of effective communication. One- To –One communication – A one to one happens when a person speaks to a individual, or writes to the individual to form effective communication. In a one to one communication, it is always effective as both of the people in the one to one work together effectively and interacts well, as both individuals are relaxed and are listening to each other, in a result the communication works effectively and both parties leave with a resolved matter and everything is positive. One to one communication can be formal or informal. An formal one to one communication can take place in a GP, where the patient is discussing their personal problem with the Doctor and the doctor is helping the individual out with their problem, this is part of effective communication as the one to one interacting is working effectively. An informal one to one communication, can take place in a health and social care setting, where two colleagues are on their lunch break and are discussing about how their day has gone so far and etc. ,this is a part of effective communication as both parties are interacting effectively. Group communication – In a group communication, there is often more going on as it is a wide range of people within the group. During the group communication, each individual will try and get their points and ideas across to the people within the group and the rest will listen and be considerate towards the person speaking. That is a way of effective group communication, as the interacting between the group is working well and effectively. A group communication can be a great benefit, as it’s easier to make decisions and problem solving a ituation as you have various people giving different views and feedback to a matter, and that’s a great way of effective communication. A group communication can include multi- professional working, multi-agency, which happens with professionals and people using services. A multi-professional working involves numerous professionals working together in order to meet the needs of an individual. This will include doctor, police, an d social worker to meet the needs of a young adult in a bad situation. Multi-agency is when different organisations work together effectively to the best possible service to families, children and young people. Formal communication Formal communication is a form of communication used by professional to communicate with clients and individuals. This form of communication is important because it shows the professional is showing professionalism within the work their doing to deliver the best possible care for the individual as well as the communication working effectively. An example of formal communication can be, ‘ good morning Sir/Mrs, this shows respect towards the individual. It is important not to use jargon or slang whilst communication formally, because you will come across as you’re not serious about your work, and also the client my not be pleased, also jargon can be a barrier because it can affect the communication between the client and professional due to not understand the technical words. Informal communication Informal communication is a casual exchange or letter that doesn’t follow to all of the rules of formal communication. It’s like saying â€Å"hey† instead of hello and also writing to your friend and talking about personal things. These are things you’d never do in a business environment because it can be considered as formal communication. Informal communication is good way of communication as it can make a individual more relaxed and effective as it’s more easier and complex for the person to interact, as they don’t have to worry about being proper and correct. Interpersonal interaction Interpersonal interaction is how people relate towards each other in a verbal nteraction or non-verbal interaction. Verbal interactions include speech, tone of somebody’s voice, listening and language. Non-verbal interactions include a person’s body language and the way they express it for example their posture, facial expression and their proximity. Interpersonal communication can take place in a health and social care setting, for example: at a care home, there is a new career and she does not speak English properly, so therefore it is hard for her to interact with the residents, which makes this is a language barrier. P2 – Argyle’s Theory of the Communication Cycle Michael Argyle is a social psychologist who developed theories about interpersonal interaction and human communication. He carried out experimental theories of non-verbal and verbal communication to develop and test he’s theoretical ideas. He has a communication cycle which explains and predicts how communication can occur in a one to one situation. 1. An idea occurs. A resident wants to go to the library and is trying to convince her carer. 2. Message coded. She talks to her carer about the books she used to read and how much she misses reading them. 3. Message sent. The carer says to the resident, ‘what was your favourite book’ this shows the message is sent and the carer understands what the resident is talking about. 4. Message received. Now the carer know what the resident’s favourite book is the resident is happy and is smiling. 5. Message decoded. Then the carer says to her resident would you like me to take you to the library so we can have a look if they have your favourite book and other books your interested in? 6. Message understood. Here the resident is happy and so is the carer because now they both understand each and the communication between the two has worked effectively. Bruce Tuckman defined a model of group development based around numerous stages, sequences or group activity. Tuckman suggested that these stages should happen in order for effective communication to occur in the groups interaction as well as the four stages being completely different. Forming –it is the start of the year and new infants have started the nursery, they tend to be shy and well reserved as they are not used to each other. Storming – as they start to settle in for about a month, they because more comfortable and relaxed with each other, in some cases this might not happen, someone would want to be dominant out of the bunch and this may cause conflict between the infants. Norming – in this stage everyone had built a strong bond between each other, and is working together well. Performing – in this final result the infants become mature and tend to realise that working together effectively can be a positive thing. M1 – Assess the role of effective communication and interpersonal interaction in health and social care with reference to theories of communication. The roles of effective communication in a health and social care setting, is to ensure that if communication with a resident, you must make sure to talk clearly and slowly, face to face make sure the person understands you and you’ve got your message across in the right way, in order for the communication to work effectively. The types of reference to communication are sign language, makaton and braille. These are part of effective communication as they are used by people with a hearing or blind impairment and leaning difficulties in order for them to communicate with others around them. Effective communication is a two-way process in which a person tries to understand the viewpoint of the other person. Communication is a cycle because when two people communicate they will need to make sure that they got their ideas across towards each other and they are understood. There are also barriers that can occur in a communication due the individual’s circumstance, for example: a person using slang, jargon o complex technical terminology can be heard, but their message may not be understood. Scenario I’m going to give a scenario between doctor and a patient, showing communication working effectively. Nurse : did you rest well last night Mrs Jones? Patient: yes I did nurse, I’m feeling slight better. Nurse: that’s a great improvement then, I’m glad you are. Patient: thank you very much nurse. Nurse: I am always here to help my dear. This is a very good way of effective communication, as the nurse and patient are interacting well and both parties are happy as they have understood each other. References (http://www. businessdictionary. com/definition/informal-communication. html) (http://wiki. answers. com/Q/What_is_formal_communication_in_business_organization)

Critical Analysis of The Indifferent by John Donne Essay

Critical Analysis of The Indifferent by John Donne The Indifferent by John Donne is a relatively simple love poem in comparison to his other, more complicated works. In this poem, he presents a lover who regards constancy as a vice and promiscuity as the path of virtue and good sense (Hunt 3). Because of Donnes Christian background, this poem was obviously meant to be a comical look at values that were opposite the ones held by Christians. According to Clay Hunt, [The Indifferent] is probably quite an early poem because of the simplicity and obviousness of its literary methods, its untroubled gaiety, and its pose of libertinism, which all suggest that Donne wrote [the poem] when he was a young man about town in†¦show more content†¦This is first introduced in the last line of the first stanza, and continues throughout the entire poem. The speaker desires a solely sexual relationship with his women, and he believes that such a relationship cannot exist if they are truthful to one another. According to Eleanor McNees, Donne re alizes that erotic license is irreconcilable with norms of truth and troth (207). Over the first stanza, the speed of the rhythm also increases with the importance. There is a rhythmic progression from the even, steady movement and moderate stresses of the opening lines to the slower pace, the stronger stresses, and sharply defined metrical pattern of her, and her, and you and you, and finally the very heavy accents on any and true in line 9 (Hunt 5). In the second stanza, the speaker continues upon the theme of faithfulness being a vice, and sexual promiscuity being a virtue. The sexual tone which was suggested in the first stanza in the anti-romantic details of spongy eyes and dry cork is intensified by the connotations of the words know and rob me; and the sexual pun on the word travail in the following line (Hunt 5). The speaker is trying to convince the women that he is talking to that promiscuity is a good thing and that neither he, nor the women should be faithful to their mate. This is evident in the lines: Will no other vice content you? . . . Or doth a fear that men are true, torment you? OhShow MoreRelatedAmerican Literature11652 Words   |  47 Pagesperiod of American Literature - 1880-1900 Naturalism is a sub-genre ofrealism Content: ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · dominant themes: survival fate violence taboo nature is an indifferent force acting on humans brute within each individual is comprised of strong and warring emotions such as greed, power, and fight for survival in an amoral, indifferent world. Genre/Style: ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · short story, novel characters usually lower class or lower middle class fictional world is commonplace and unheroic; everyday

The Tragic Heroes Of Sophocles Oedipus Rex And Antigone...

The concept of whether destiny controlled our fate or if we have a say in what happens to us was often questioned in Ancient Greece where fate and self-will were the main themes of the plays. Many plays displayed the tragic hero as a victim of their own fate while others blamed the heroes for their suffering. The plays Oedipus Rex and Antigone, written by Sophocles, display the themes defined by Aristotle. Are we the authors of our fate or is our fate written and destined to happen? In both plays, Oedipus and Antigone face their downfall because of self-will. They bring on their own doom because of their actions. The author explores many themes such as the high-standing and heroic traits of the tragic heroes as well as to the flaws and pride of Antigone and Oedipus. Finally, the author explores the theme of recognition and catastrophe. These topics are directly linked to the poetics of Aristotle. The two plays display many literary devices, the most significant ones being characteriz ation and conflict. Oedipus and Antigone were of high-standing and had many heroic traits which influenced their actions. Aristotle, in his poetics, describes a tragic hero as someone that is of high standing and who demonstrates some heroic traits. The tragic hero needs to be someone that holds great power so that their downfall will be way more dramatic and sad to the audience. Oedipus was the King of Thebes, because he solved the riddle of the Sphynx. He also married Kreon’s sister thusShow MoreRelatedAncient Greek Tragedies: Passion vs. Prudence 959 Words   |  4 PagesBoth Oedipus and Antigone experience this as a result of their rash behavior. Even Creon ends up miserable in Antigone due to the change in his behavior. By acting on their emotions, these characters all experience tragic downfalls, while others, such as Ismene and Creon during Oedipus Rex, remain safe due to their prudence and indications of wisdom. Due to the actions she took based on her emotions, Antigone suffered a far worse fate than Ismene. During her conversation with Ismene, Antigone says:Read More Creon As Tragic Hero of Sophocles’ Antigone Essay836 Words   |  4 PagesCreon As Tragic Hero of Sophocles’ Antigone Since the play’s inception, there has always existed a contention concerning the true hero of Sophocles’ Antigone. It is a widely held belief that Antigone must be the main character simply because she and the drama share name. This is, of course, a very logical assumption. Certainly Sophocles must have at least meant her to be viewed as the protagonist, else he would not have given her the play’s title. Analytically speaking, however, Creon doesRead MoreOedipus the King: The Tragic Flaws of Oedipus Essay852 Words   |  4 Pagesmarry his mom, and discover it all in Oedipus Rex, Sophocles’ tragedy. Oedipus was so determined to save Thebes from the plague bestowed on them by Apollo. But little did he know that he was the source of it all. His constant reversal of fortune, neutrality, and suffering make him the perfect example of a classic Greek tragic hero. One moment, Oedipus is brimming with hope; the next, he’s sure that he is the killer of his father, King Laius. Every time Oedipus thinks that it can’t possibly be himRead MoreThe Tragic Characters Of Sophocles Antigone1652 Words   |  7 Pagescharacters are tragic characters. These tragic characters, however, must follow Aristotle’s principles which include hamartia, hubris, peripeteia, anagnorisis, nemesis, and catharsis. If the character has all six of Aristotle’s principles, then the character can qualify as an Aristotelian tragic character. Two examples of Aristotelian tragic characters are from Sophocles’ Greek play Antigone from the trilogy dealing with Oedipus and his children (Oedipus Rex, Oedipus at Colonus, and Antigone). The twoRead MoreCreon as Tragic Hero1586 Words   |  7 PagesFinest In the Greek play Antigone, Creon and Antigone can both be claimed the title of Tragic Hero. Creon was made king when Oedipus Rex fled the kingship. Creon is the brother in law of Oedipus, and was giving the kingship only because Oedipus’s sons, Eteocles and Polyneices were killed trying to fight for the thrown. Antigone is Oedipus’s daughter and Creon’s niece. When it comes down to who the tragic hero is, Creon most definitely walks away with the title. A tragic hero by definition is ordinaryRead MoreOedipus vs. Creon1174 Words   |  5 PagesLeaders In the plays Oedipus Rex and Antigone by Sophocles, Oedipus and Creon exert similar characteristics as leaders that ultimately result in their characterization as tragic heroes. They take a similar course throughout their stories, which leads to a similar fate, resulting in tragedy. Both characters tried to revive a city in need, but in the process, the hubris they possessed got in the way. Both men had the chance to see that their actions would lead to a tragic ending, but neither oneRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Macbeth And Antigone 1022 Words   |  5 PagesMacbeth and Antigone Essay A tragedy is a story which is centered on a character who does something terrible, and as they realize what they have done, the world around them crumbles. Macbeth, by William Shakespeare, is about how Macbeth and Banquo are met by three witches bearing prophetic greetings. Macbeth is told that he will become king. The rest of the play follows Macbeth into the depths of darkness as he seeks the crown not caring about the consequences. Antigone, by Sophocles, is a GreekRead MoreThe Tragic Heroes Of Hamlet And Oedipus1801 Words   |  8 PagesThe Tragic Heroes Hamlet and Oedipus A hero in a drama is the focus point throughout the story, someone who technically saves life’s and carries pride within them. In Hamlet by Shakespeare and Oedipus Rex by Sophocles they simply create a tragic hero due to their stories having a twist in what a hero turns out to be at the end of the dramatic stories. They have similar issues as well as they have their differences in their stories. Shakespeare and Sophocles create a similar touch to their dramaticRead MoreEssay on Antigone - The Tragic Flaw2238 Words   |  9 PagesAntigone - The Tragic Flaw  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚           Antigone, Sophocles’ classical Greek tragedy, presents tragic flaw as the cause of the destruction of Creon, the king of Thebes. This essay examines that flaw and the critical perspective on it.    Robert D. Murray, Jr. in â€Å"Thought and Structure in Sophoclean Tragedy† gives the perspective of the Greek audience, and thereby the reason why there has to be a tragic flaw in Sophoclean tragedy: â€Å"A Greek of the fifth century would, of course, haveRead MoreEssay on Hope in Oedipus at Colonus2217 Words   |  9 PagesHope in Oedipus at Colonus      Ã‚  Ã‚   The Greek tragedy Oedipus at Colonus was written by the renowned Greek playwright Sophocles at around 404 B.C.. In the play, considered to be one of the best Greek dramas ever written, Sophocles uses the now broken down and old Oedipus as a statement of hope for man. As Oedipus was royalty and honor before his exile from his kingdom of Thebes he is brought down to a poor, blind old man who wonders, â€Å"Who will receive the wandering Oedipus today?† (Sophocles 283)